Determining the schedule for each testing activity and test milestones for a test project, using activity estimates, available resources, and other constraints is a typical task performed during
Correct Answer:D
Test planning involves defining the overall approach to testing, including scheduling, resources, and milestones. It is during this phase that the detailed schedule for each testing activity is determined based on estimates, resource availability, and constraints. The ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0 outlines that test planning encompasses the creation of test plans and schedules to ensure that testing activities are properly managed and controlled.
Which of the following statements about branch coverage is true?
Correct Answer:D
Exercising at least one of the decision outcomes for all decisions within the code, ensures achieving full branch coverage, which is a test coverage criterion that requires that all branches in the control flow of the code are executed at least once by the test cases. A branch is a basic block of code that has a single entry point and a single exit point, and a decision is a point in the code where the control flow can take more than one direction, such as an if-then-else statement, a switch-case statement, a loop statement, etc. The decision outcomes are the possible paths that can be taken from a decision, such as the then branch or the else branch, the case branch or the default branch, the loop body or the loop exit, etc. The other statements are false, because:
✑ The minimum number of test cases needed to achieve full branch coverage, is usually higher than that needed to achieve full statement coverage, which is a test coverage criterion that requires that all executable statements in the code are executed at least once by the test cases. This is because branch coverage is a stronger criterion than statement coverage, as it implies statement coverage, but not vice versa. For example, a single test case can achieve full statement coverage for an if-then-else statement, but two test cases are needed to achieve full branch coverage, as both the then branch and the else branch need to be exercised.
✑ If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all unconditional branches within the code have not necessarily been exercised, as unconditional branches are branches that do not depend on any decision, and are always executed, such as a goto statement, a break statement, a return statement, etc. Unconditional branches are not part of the branch coverage criterion, as they do not represent different paths in the control flow of the code. However, they are part of the statement coverage criterion, as they are executable statements in the code.
✑ If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all combinations of conditions in a decision table have not necessarily been exercised, as a decision table is a test design technique that represents the logical relationships between multiple conditions and their corresponding actions, in a tabular format. A decision table can have more combinations of conditions than the number of decision outcomes in the code, as each condition can have two or more possible values, such as true or false, yes or no, etc. For example, a decision table with four conditions can have 16 combinations of conditions, but the corresponding code may have only two decision outcomes, such as pass or fail. To exercise all combinations of conditions in a decision table, a stronger test coverage criterionis needed, such as condition combination coverage, which requires that all possible combinations of condition outcomes in the code are executed at least once by the test cases. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
✑ ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.3.1, Test
Coverage Criteria Based on the Structure of the Software
✑ ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Branch Coverage, Statement Coverage, Branch, Decision, Decision Outcome, Unconditional Branch, Decision Table, Condition Combination Coverage
After being in operation for many years, a document management system must be decommissioned as it has reached its end of life. This system will not be replaced by any other new system. A legal obligation provides that all documents within the system must be kept for at least 20 years in a state archive. Which of the following statements about maintenance testing for decommissioning of this system is TRUE?
Correct Answer:B
Data migration testing is a critical part of maintenance testing during the decommissioning of a system. When a system is decommissioned, data often needs to be transferred to another system or archived securely. This process ensures that the data remains intact, accessible, and secure in its new location.Therefore, statement B is true as it aligns with the ISTQB CTFL syllabus guidelines on handling system decommissioning and data preservation.
A calculator software is used to calculate the result for 5+6. The user noticed that the result given is 6.
This is an example of;
Correct Answer:D
According to the ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, 2018, page 18, a failure is ??an event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits??. In this case, the calculator software does not perform the required function of calculating the correct result for 5+6 within the specified limits of accuracy and precision. Therefore, this is an example of a failure.
The other options are incorrect because:
✑ A mistake is ??a human action that produces an incorrect result?? (page 25). A mistake is not an event, but an action, and it may or may not lead to a failure. For example, a mistake could be a typo in the code, a wrong assumption in the design, or a misunderstanding of the requirement.
✑ A fault is ??a defect in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function?? (page 16). A fault is not an event, but a defect, and it may or may not cause a failure. For example, a fault could be a logical error in the code, a missing specification in the design, or a contradiction in the requirement.
✑ An error is ??the difference between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition?? (page 15). An error is not an event, but a difference, and it may or may not result in a failure. For example, an error could be a rounding error in the calculation, a measurement error in the observation, or a deviation error in the condition.
References = ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, 2018, pages 15-18, 25;
ISTQB CTFL 4.0 - Sample Exam - Answers, Version 1.1, 2023, Question 96, page 34.
A financial institution is to implement a system that calculates the interest rates paid on investment accounts based on the sum invested.
You are responsible for testing the system and decide to use equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis to design test cases. The requirements describe the following expectations:
Investment range| Interest rate R500 to RIO 00010%
RIO 001 to R50 00011% R50 001 to RlOOOOO12% RIOOOOl to R500 000| 13%
What is the minimum number of test cases required to cover all valid equivalence partitions
for calculating the interest?
Correct Answer:B
Using equivalence partitioning, the investment ranges are divided into four partitions:
✑ R500 to R10,000 (10%)
✑ R10,001 to R50,000 (11%)
✑ R50,001 to R100,000 (12%)
✑ R100,001 to R500,000 (13%)
Thus, the minimum number of test cases required to cover all valid equivalence partitions for calculating the interest is 4.